Reference Sources

The catalogs and dictionaries that describe the bibliographic and lexicographic items Gnorium records, in the order we turn to them. Look up a work, word, phrase, or affix in any of them from here: the search opens in a new tab. Those whose terms allow it are also read by Gnorium's machines, which cite what they find there as references.

Bibliographic Lexicographic
Language
English
Middle English
Old English
Italian
German
French
Latin
Ancient Greek
Spanish
Hindi
Urdu
Sanskrit

English

  1. Bodleian Libraries catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  2. Cambridge University Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  3. Folger Shakespeare Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  4. Houghton Library, Harvard University catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  5. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  6. Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  7. Princeton University Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  8. New York Public Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  9. John Rylands Research Institute and Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  10. Wellcome Collection catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  11. National Library of Ireland catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  12. National Library of Scotland catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  13. English Short Title Catalogue Books printed in Britain and its colonies, and in English anywhere, from 1473 to 1800.
  14. Incunabula Short Title Catalogue Books printed in Europe before 1501.
  15. British Library The national library of the United Kingdom.
  16. Library of Congress The national library of the United States.
  17. WorldCat The holdings of libraries worldwide, in one union catalog.
  18. HathiTrust Volumes digitized by research libraries.
  19. Internet Archive Digitized books and texts, free to read.
  20. VIAF National libraries' authority files for names and works, linked.
Bodleian Libraries catalog
Cambridge University Library catalog
Folger Shakespeare Library catalog
Houghton Library, Harvard University catalog
Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library catalog
Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania catalog
Princeton University Library catalog
New York Public Library catalog
John Rylands Research Institute and Library catalog
Wellcome Collection catalog
National Library of Ireland catalog
National Library of Scotland catalog
English Short Title Catalogue
British Library
Library of Congress
WorldCat
HathiTrust
Internet Archive

Middle English

  1. Bodleian Libraries catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  2. Cambridge University Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  3. Folger Shakespeare Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  4. Houghton Library, Harvard University catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  5. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  6. Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  7. Princeton University Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  8. New York Public Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  9. John Rylands Research Institute and Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  10. Wellcome Collection catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  11. National Library of Ireland catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  12. National Library of Scotland catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  13. English Short Title Catalogue Books printed in Britain and its colonies, and in English anywhere, from 1473 to 1800.
  14. Incunabula Short Title Catalogue Books printed in Europe before 1501.
  15. British Library The national library of the United Kingdom.
  16. Library of Congress The national library of the United States.
  17. WorldCat The holdings of libraries worldwide, in one union catalog.
  18. HathiTrust Volumes digitized by research libraries.
  19. Internet Archive Digitized books and texts, free to read.
  20. VIAF National libraries' authority files for names and works, linked.
Bodleian Libraries catalog
Cambridge University Library catalog
Folger Shakespeare Library catalog
Houghton Library, Harvard University catalog
Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library catalog
Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania catalog
Princeton University Library catalog
New York Public Library catalog
John Rylands Research Institute and Library catalog
Wellcome Collection catalog
National Library of Ireland catalog
National Library of Scotland catalog
English Short Title Catalogue
British Library
Library of Congress
WorldCat
HathiTrust
Internet Archive

Old English

  1. Bodleian Libraries catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  2. Cambridge University Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  3. Folger Shakespeare Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  4. Houghton Library, Harvard University catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  5. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  6. Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  7. Princeton University Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  8. New York Public Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  9. John Rylands Research Institute and Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  10. Wellcome Collection catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  11. National Library of Ireland catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  12. National Library of Scotland catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  13. Incunabula Short Title Catalogue Books printed in Europe before 1501.
  14. British Library The national library of the United Kingdom.
  15. Library of Congress The national library of the United States.
  16. WorldCat The holdings of libraries worldwide, in one union catalog.
  17. HathiTrust Volumes digitized by research libraries.
  18. Internet Archive Digitized books and texts, free to read.
  19. VIAF National libraries' authority files for names and works, linked.
Bodleian Libraries catalog
Cambridge University Library catalog
Folger Shakespeare Library catalog
Houghton Library, Harvard University catalog
Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library catalog
Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania catalog
Princeton University Library catalog
New York Public Library catalog
John Rylands Research Institute and Library catalog
Wellcome Collection catalog
National Library of Ireland catalog
National Library of Scotland catalog
British Library
Library of Congress
WorldCat
HathiTrust
Internet Archive

Italian

  1. Bodleian Libraries catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  2. Cambridge University Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  3. Folger Shakespeare Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  4. Houghton Library, Harvard University catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  5. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  6. Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  7. Princeton University Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  8. New York Public Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  9. John Rylands Research Institute and Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  10. Wellcome Collection catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  11. National Library of Ireland catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  12. National Library of Scotland catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  13. Incunabula Short Title Catalogue Books printed in Europe before 1501.
  14. Library of Congress The national library of the United States.
  15. WorldCat The holdings of libraries worldwide, in one union catalog.
  16. HathiTrust Volumes digitized by research libraries.
  17. Internet Archive Digitized books and texts, free to read.
  18. VIAF National libraries' authority files for names and works, linked.
Bodleian Libraries catalog
Cambridge University Library catalog
Folger Shakespeare Library catalog
Houghton Library, Harvard University catalog
Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library catalog
Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania catalog
Princeton University Library catalog
New York Public Library catalog
John Rylands Research Institute and Library catalog
Wellcome Collection catalog
National Library of Ireland catalog
National Library of Scotland catalog
Library of Congress
WorldCat
HathiTrust
Internet Archive

German

  1. Bodleian Libraries catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  2. Cambridge University Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  3. Folger Shakespeare Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  4. Houghton Library, Harvard University catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  5. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  6. Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  7. Princeton University Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  8. New York Public Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  9. John Rylands Research Institute and Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  10. Wellcome Collection catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  11. National Library of Ireland catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  12. National Library of Scotland catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  13. Incunabula Short Title Catalogue Books printed in Europe before 1501.
  14. Library of Congress The national library of the United States.
  15. Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The national library of Germany.
  16. WorldCat The holdings of libraries worldwide, in one union catalog.
  17. HathiTrust Volumes digitized by research libraries.
  18. Internet Archive Digitized books and texts, free to read.
  19. VIAF National libraries' authority files for names and works, linked.
Bodleian Libraries catalog
Cambridge University Library catalog
Folger Shakespeare Library catalog
Houghton Library, Harvard University catalog
Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library catalog
Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania catalog
Princeton University Library catalog
New York Public Library catalog
John Rylands Research Institute and Library catalog
Wellcome Collection catalog
National Library of Ireland catalog
National Library of Scotland catalog
Library of Congress
Deutsche Nationalbibliothek
WorldCat
HathiTrust
Internet Archive

French

  1. Bodleian Libraries catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  2. Cambridge University Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  3. Folger Shakespeare Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  4. Houghton Library, Harvard University catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  5. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  6. Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  7. Princeton University Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  8. New York Public Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  9. John Rylands Research Institute and Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  10. Wellcome Collection catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  11. National Library of Ireland catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  12. National Library of Scotland catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  13. Incunabula Short Title Catalogue Books printed in Europe before 1501.
  14. Library of Congress The national library of the United States.
  15. Bibliothèque nationale de France The national library of France.
  16. WorldCat The holdings of libraries worldwide, in one union catalog.
  17. HathiTrust Volumes digitized by research libraries.
  18. Internet Archive Digitized books and texts, free to read.
  19. VIAF National libraries' authority files for names and works, linked.
Bodleian Libraries catalog
Cambridge University Library catalog
Folger Shakespeare Library catalog
Houghton Library, Harvard University catalog
Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library catalog
Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania catalog
Princeton University Library catalog
New York Public Library catalog
John Rylands Research Institute and Library catalog
Wellcome Collection catalog
National Library of Ireland catalog
National Library of Scotland catalog
Library of Congress
Bibliothèque nationale de France
WorldCat
HathiTrust
Internet Archive

Latin

  1. Bodleian Libraries catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  2. Cambridge University Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  3. Folger Shakespeare Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  4. Houghton Library, Harvard University catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  5. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  6. Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  7. Princeton University Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  8. New York Public Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  9. John Rylands Research Institute and Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  10. Wellcome Collection catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  11. National Library of Ireland catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  12. National Library of Scotland catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  13. Incunabula Short Title Catalogue Books printed in Europe before 1501.
  14. Library of Congress The national library of the United States.
  15. WorldCat The holdings of libraries worldwide, in one union catalog.
  16. HathiTrust Volumes digitized by research libraries.
  17. Internet Archive Digitized books and texts, free to read.
  18. VIAF National libraries' authority files for names and works, linked.
Bodleian Libraries catalog
Cambridge University Library catalog
Folger Shakespeare Library catalog
Houghton Library, Harvard University catalog
Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library catalog
Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania catalog
Princeton University Library catalog
New York Public Library catalog
John Rylands Research Institute and Library catalog
Wellcome Collection catalog
National Library of Ireland catalog
National Library of Scotland catalog
Library of Congress
WorldCat
HathiTrust
Internet Archive

Ancient Greek

  1. Bodleian Libraries catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  2. Cambridge University Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  3. Folger Shakespeare Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  4. Houghton Library, Harvard University catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  5. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  6. Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  7. Princeton University Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  8. New York Public Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  9. John Rylands Research Institute and Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  10. Wellcome Collection catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  11. National Library of Ireland catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  12. National Library of Scotland catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  13. Incunabula Short Title Catalogue Books printed in Europe before 1501.
  14. Library of Congress The national library of the United States.
  15. WorldCat The holdings of libraries worldwide, in one union catalog.
  16. HathiTrust Volumes digitized by research libraries.
  17. Internet Archive Digitized books and texts, free to read.
  18. VIAF National libraries' authority files for names and works, linked.
Bodleian Libraries catalog
Cambridge University Library catalog
Folger Shakespeare Library catalog
Houghton Library, Harvard University catalog
Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library catalog
Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania catalog
Princeton University Library catalog
New York Public Library catalog
John Rylands Research Institute and Library catalog
Wellcome Collection catalog
National Library of Ireland catalog
National Library of Scotland catalog
Library of Congress
WorldCat
HathiTrust
Internet Archive

Spanish

  1. Bodleian Libraries catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  2. Cambridge University Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  3. Folger Shakespeare Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  4. Houghton Library, Harvard University catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  5. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  6. Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  7. Princeton University Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  8. New York Public Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  9. John Rylands Research Institute and Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  10. Wellcome Collection catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  11. National Library of Ireland catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  12. National Library of Scotland catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  13. Incunabula Short Title Catalogue Books printed in Europe before 1501.
  14. Library of Congress The national library of the United States.
  15. Biblioteca Nacional de España The national library of Spain.
  16. WorldCat The holdings of libraries worldwide, in one union catalog.
  17. HathiTrust Volumes digitized by research libraries.
  18. Internet Archive Digitized books and texts, free to read.
  19. VIAF National libraries' authority files for names and works, linked.
Bodleian Libraries catalog
Cambridge University Library catalog
Folger Shakespeare Library catalog
Houghton Library, Harvard University catalog
Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library catalog
Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania catalog
Princeton University Library catalog
New York Public Library catalog
John Rylands Research Institute and Library catalog
Wellcome Collection catalog
National Library of Ireland catalog
National Library of Scotland catalog
Library of Congress
Biblioteca Nacional de España
WorldCat
HathiTrust
Internet Archive

Hindi

  1. Bodleian Libraries catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  2. Cambridge University Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  3. Folger Shakespeare Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  4. Houghton Library, Harvard University catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  5. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  6. Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  7. Princeton University Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  8. New York Public Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  9. John Rylands Research Institute and Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  10. Wellcome Collection catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  11. National Library of Ireland catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  12. National Library of Scotland catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  13. Incunabula Short Title Catalogue Books printed in Europe before 1501.
  14. Library of Congress The national library of the United States.
  15. WorldCat The holdings of libraries worldwide, in one union catalog.
  16. HathiTrust Volumes digitized by research libraries.
  17. Internet Archive Digitized books and texts, free to read.
  18. VIAF National libraries' authority files for names and works, linked.
Bodleian Libraries catalog
Cambridge University Library catalog
Folger Shakespeare Library catalog
Houghton Library, Harvard University catalog
Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library catalog
Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania catalog
Princeton University Library catalog
New York Public Library catalog
John Rylands Research Institute and Library catalog
Wellcome Collection catalog
National Library of Ireland catalog
National Library of Scotland catalog
Library of Congress
WorldCat
HathiTrust
Internet Archive

Urdu

  1. Bodleian Libraries catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  2. Cambridge University Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  3. Folger Shakespeare Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  4. Houghton Library, Harvard University catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  5. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  6. Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  7. Princeton University Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  8. New York Public Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  9. John Rylands Research Institute and Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  10. Wellcome Collection catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  11. National Library of Ireland catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  12. National Library of Scotland catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  13. Incunabula Short Title Catalogue Books printed in Europe before 1501.
  14. Library of Congress The national library of the United States.
  15. WorldCat The holdings of libraries worldwide, in one union catalog.
  16. HathiTrust Volumes digitized by research libraries.
  17. Internet Archive Digitized books and texts, free to read.
  18. VIAF National libraries' authority files for names and works, linked.
Bodleian Libraries catalog
Cambridge University Library catalog
Folger Shakespeare Library catalog
Houghton Library, Harvard University catalog
Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library catalog
Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania catalog
Princeton University Library catalog
New York Public Library catalog
John Rylands Research Institute and Library catalog
Wellcome Collection catalog
National Library of Ireland catalog
National Library of Scotland catalog
Library of Congress
WorldCat
HathiTrust
Internet Archive

Sanskrit

  1. Bodleian Libraries catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  2. Cambridge University Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  3. Folger Shakespeare Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  4. Houghton Library, Harvard University catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  5. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  6. Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  7. Princeton University Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  8. New York Public Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  9. John Rylands Research Institute and Library catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  10. Wellcome Collection catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  11. National Library of Ireland catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  12. National Library of Scotland catalog The library's own catalog, describing the copies it holds.
  13. Incunabula Short Title Catalogue Books printed in Europe before 1501.
  14. Library of Congress The national library of the United States.
  15. WorldCat The holdings of libraries worldwide, in one union catalog.
  16. HathiTrust Volumes digitized by research libraries.
  17. Internet Archive Digitized books and texts, free to read.
  18. VIAF National libraries' authority files for names and works, linked.
Bodleian Libraries catalog
Cambridge University Library catalog
Folger Shakespeare Library catalog
Houghton Library, Harvard University catalog
Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library catalog
Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania catalog
Princeton University Library catalog
New York Public Library catalog
John Rylands Research Institute and Library catalog
Wellcome Collection catalog
National Library of Ireland catalog
National Library of Scotland catalog
Library of Congress
WorldCat
HathiTrust
Internet Archive

Open data

  1. Wikidata Open, structured data on works, people and places.
Wikidata
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